Effect of Ba and Bi doping on the synthesis and sintering of Ge-based apatite phases

Recently, high oxide ion conduction has been observed in the apatite-type systems La_9.33+x(Si/Ge)₆O_26+x/2, with conductivities approaching and even exceeding that of yttria-stabilized zirconia. The Ge-based phases have been reported to suffer from Ge loss and undergo irreversible structural changes on sintering at the high temperatures required to obtain dense pellets. In this paper we discuss doping studies (Ba, Bi for La) aimed at stabilizing the hexagonal apatite lattice to high temperature, and/or lowering the synthesis and sintering temperatures. The results show that doping with Ba helps to stabilize the hexagonal lattice at high temperatures, although Ge loss appears to still be a problem. Conductivity data show that, as previously reported for the Si-based systems, non-stoichiometry in the form of cation vacancies and/or oxygen excess is required to achieve high oxide ion conduction in these Ge-based systems. Neutron diffraction structural data for the fully stoichiometric phase La₈Ba₂Ge₆O₂₆ shows that the channel oxygen atoms show little anisotropy in their thermal displacement parameters, consistent with the low oxide ion conductivity of this phase. Bi doping is shown to lower the synthesis and sintering temperatures, although the presence of Bi means that these samples are not stable at high temperatures under reducing conditions.Presented at the OSSEP Workshop Ionic and Mixed Conductors: Methods and Processes, Aveiro, Portugal, April 10–12, 2003     

铜离子交换改性的沸石催化剂上甲烷的非氧芳构化

已有研究表明，ＭｏＯ３／ＨＺＳＭ５是甲烷非氧芳构化的优良催化剂，在９７３Ｋ下甲烷转化率达６％～８％，苯选择性高于８０％，这为非氧气氛下甲烷的芳构化反应展示了非常诱人的前景［１～１２］．但是，该催化剂的活性和稳定性尚有待进一步提高，目前已有使用Ｐｔ，...     

LiCaBO3的合成和LiBO2-CaO二元体系相图

某些无水硼酸盐具有熔点高、耐潮解、损伤阈值高、光学透过波段好等优点,在材料科学领域中一直受到人们的注视。陈创天等首次得到新型紫外倍频材料—低温相偏硼酸钡。之后,又合成了具有倍频效应的晶体材料α-LiCdBO_3。     

Synthesis of macrocyclic tetraamides derived from α-amino acids and their investigations using ESI-MS technique

Chiral α,ω-diesters react under high-pressure conditions (10 kbar) with α,ω-diamines to give chiral cyclic tetraamides of C₂-symmetry. The complexation properties of tetraamides towards alkali metal cations (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺ and Cs⁺) were estimated on the basis of ESI-MS spectra.     

Influence of channeling effects on ion distribution and damage profiles during high energy ion implantation in Si

Nitrogen implantation has been performed in silicon [001] crystals in carefully controlled alignment conditions. The channeling effects are clearly evident when implanting in [001] and [011] directions at energies ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 MeV. Both ion distribution and damage profiles are strongly influenced by channeling effects during ion implantation. The angular region around the [001] direction has been also investigated by implanting at small angles with respect to the axis. The same kind of study has been performed by implanting at different angles with respect to the planar (011) direction. The ion distributions (investigated by SIMS) show a strong dependence upon the alignment conditions. Moreover in high energy ion implantation, the lattice damage is located deep inside the crystal, leaving the surface layer almost unperturbed. The channeling effects on the damage production have been investigated by double crystal diffraction (DCD) in the low-dose regime and by RBS-channeling experiments (after implantation at doses greater than 1 × 10¹⁵ cm^–2) and for different ion alignment conditions.A big increase in the ion ranges and a strong reduction in the lattice damage is evident when implanting along major crystal axes. No saturatíon of the lattice damage and of the channelled component of the beam has been detected if the implantation is performed parallel to the [011] axis.     

Conductance in homomorphous solvents: Tetrabutylammonium salts and alkali picrates in butyrolactone-sulfolane mixtures

Conductance measurements are reported for LiPi, NaPi, KPi, RbPi, CsPi, Bu₄NPi, Bu₄NBr, Bu₄NClO₄, Bu₄NNO₃, and Bu₄NBBu₄ at 25°C in -butyrolactone-sulfolane mixtures. In these mixtures of solvents that are practically homomorphous, isodielectic and with comparable dipole moments, the ion pair association and ionic mobilities of large ions conform to the expectations of the primitive model. Electrolytes containing lithium or sodium ions show anomalies indicating that other factors besides shape, dipole moment, and polarizability of the solvent molecules are involved in the association and transport processes of these ions.     

Er~(3 ),Ho~(3 )和Tm~(3 )在硫氧化钆中的余辉发光

非放射性长余辉磷光粉作为美化和清洁光源在发光陶瓷、交通安全标志、紧急突发事件的照明设施、工艺美术涂料等众多领域得到越来越广泛的应用,引起人们的重视.到目前为止,文献报道的稀土长余辉磷光体的激活离子主要有铕离子(Eu3+和Eu2+[1-4]、三价铈离子(Ce3+)[5]、三价铽离子(Tb3+)[6]、三价镨离子(Pr3+)[7]、三价钐离子(Sm3+)[8].Ho3+,Er3+,Tm3+等稀土离子作为红外上转换发光材料的激活离子[9～12],而关于它们的长余辉发光的报道极少.最近,雷炳富等在Tm3+离子[13]激活的硫氧化钇体系中发现了长余辉发光.在此,我们通过高温固相法合成了Er3+,Ho3+和Tm3+掺杂的硫氧化钆长余辉磷光粉,观察到该体系中迄今未见文献报道的Er3+,Ho3+和Tm3+离子的长余辉发光.     

Complete Oxidation of Methane over Palladium Supported on Alumina Modified with Calcium,Lanthanum,and Cerium Ions

The activity and thermal stability of Pd/Al_2O_3 and Pd/(Al_2O_3 MO_x)(M=Ca,La,Ce) palladium catalysts in the reaction of complete oxidation of methane are presented in this study.The catalyst supports were prepared by sol-gel method and they were dried either conventionally or with supercritical carbon dioxide.Then they were impregnated with palladium nitrate solution.The catalysts with unmodified alumina had a high surface area.The activity and thermal stability of the alumina- supported catalyst was also very high.The introduction of calcium,lanthanum,or cerium oxide into alumina support caused a decrease of the surface area in the way dependent on the support precursor drying method.These modifiers decreased the activity of palladium catalysts,and they required higher temperatures for the complete oxidation of methane than unmodified Pd/Al_2O_3.The improvement of the palladium activity by lanthanum and cerium support modifier was observed only at low temperatures of the reaction.     

层状LiMnO_2正极材料的研究进展

层状LiMnO2 化合物的研究是目前锂离子电池正极材料锂锰氧化物研究工作的新热点 ,本文综述了近年来国内外LiMnO2 化合物的研究进展 ,主要阐述了具有层状和扭曲层状结构的m LiMnO2和o LiMnO2 的结构、电性能、合成和改性方法等方面的研究状况 ,重点介绍了离子交换法合成层状LiMnO2 的原因和机理。探索新的合成方法和掺杂其它金属离子改性以提高循环性能是今后LiMnO2 的研究趋势。     

A Magnesium-Selective Ionophore Containing Four Amide Carbonyl Ligands Derived from L-Tartaric Acid and Axial Furano Oxygen Binding Sites

Octahedrally converging hexadentate macrocyclic receptors 1 and 2, based on L-tartaric acid and furanmoieties, were synthesized andtheir complexation properties studied. In this paper,magnesium ion selectivitiesdetermined by ISE experiments, chiroptical changes observedby circular dichroism(CD) on complexation, and association constants measuredby NMR titration arediscussed.